Knowledge worker
Post-Capitalist Society is an interesting concept that was proposed by Drucker. In this concept, he defined the Conditions for managers. According to Drucker, a knowledge worker is someone who does not produce tangible Results that can stand alone. Instead, a knowledge worker produces Knowledge, Ideas, and Information. The boundary between a knowledge worker and a manual laborer lies in whether the work they produce directly translates into measurable outcomes. If the work is not Measurable and does not directly generate sales, it can be considered as work where effort does not necessarily lead to results. A clear example of a knowledge worker who does not produce direct results is a researcher. Trying to measure their productivity based on the number of papers or patents they produce often leads to the creation of low-quality papers or patents. This is a failure case that demonstrates the danger of creating measurable evaluation criteria. As stated in the Summary of "If you define it, it will be hacked", creating measurable criteria can be easily exploited. In other words, if a programmer is simply given the task of implementing a specific functionality without engaging in discussions about what makes a good product, they would be classified as a Manual laborer rather than a Knowledge worker. The work of a knowledge worker involves considering aspects such as "What makes a good product?" and cannot be measured solely by the implementation of a specific functionality. The process of implementing the functionality can be measured as either "implemented" (1) or "not implemented" (0), which falls under manual labor. However, the thought process of determining what constitutes a good design, readability, and future maintainability cannot be measured and falls under knowledge work.